Monday, February 8, 2010

LESSON PLAN (WEEK 6) 08 FEBRUARY 2010 – 12 FEBRUARY 2010

Day

Monday

Date

08 February 2010

Subject

English Language

Form

3D(37 students)

3G(41 students)

Time

12:50-02:00 (2 periods)

04:35-05:10 (1 period)

Topic

Essay Writing – In Formal Letter

Theme

Letter of Advice

Language Outcomes

Language For Interpersonal Use

-Ask for question and respond politely to question)

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Write a letter based on the format given- Letter of advice

Lesson Development

Introduction:

  • Asked about his condition
  • Happy to hear he will be joined camping for the first time

Content/Body:

  • List the items what he should bring
  • Bring shoes, proper attire (long sleeves and trousers)
  • Cups of Maggie mee, stove,
  • Insect repellent, first aid kit, etc

Conclusion:

Send regards to your aunty and hope a nice day!

Post Activity

Write a letter to your cousin who asked for advice what he should bring during camping.

Moral Value

Responsibility

Language Content

Simple Past Tense

Pedagogical Strategies

MI

CCTS

Reflections

Need Extra work!


 

Hari

Selasa

Tarikh

09 Februari 2010

Mata Pelajaran

Geografi

Tingkatan

3C (37 pelajar)

Masa

04:00-05:10 ( 2 masa)

Tajuk

Skala

Konsep

Jarak Keluasan

Hasil Pembelajaran

Menggunakan skala untuk menentukan jarak dan keluasan di atas peta lakar yang berasaskan peta topografi

Objektif Tingkahlaku

Pada akhir pengajaran murid-murid dapat:

Aras 1:

Menyatakan jenis-jenis skala

  • Skala lurus
  • Skala penyata
  • Pecahan wakilan

Mengukur jarak dengan menggunakan skala

Mengira keluasan kawasan sekata berpandukan skala peta.

Aras 2:

Menukarkan dan menghububgkaitkan setiap skala:

  • Skala lurus
  • Skala penyata
  • Pecahan wakilan

Mengira anggaran keluasan tidak sekata berpandukan skala peta

Aktiviti Pembelajaran

  1. Menerangkan cara-cara menukar setiap skala
  2. Menunjukcara menukar jarak antara 2 tempat mengikut skala peta
  3. Menunjukkan cara mengira keluasan skala peta

Unsur Patriotisme

Mencintai Negara Malaysia (Menghargai Ciri-ciri Fizikal di Kawasan Sekitar)

Nilai Murni

Berdikari dan Berdisiplin

Pendekatan

KBKK (Aplikasi)

BBM

Pembaris, Jangka Tolok, Benang, Pita Ukur

Refleksi

Murid-murid tiada masalah kerana pernah belajar tajuk tersebut di Tingkatan 2.


 

Day

Tuesday

Date

09 February 2009

Class/Form

3G (41 student)

Time

02:00 – 03:10 (2 periods)

Topic

Summary Writing

Theme

How to Keep your mind healthy

Language Outcomes

Language For Interpersonal Use

-Listen to dialogue: give important details

-Ask for and listen politely to questions

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Test their ability in extracting points from the passage
  2. Summarize the passage into one paragraph
  3. Make a summary not more than 60 words (use own words without changing the original meaning)

Lesson Development

  1. Ask the students read true the whole text
  2. Ask students list out words they could not understand
  3. Make the lines where you pick points to write your summary
  4. Pick out main ideas
  5. Search for secondary ideas
  6. Important to separate the relevant e irrelevant details
  7. Substitute long expressions with single words

Post Activity

Write a summary "How to keep your mind healthy" in about 60 words.

Moral Values

Loving, Caring

Language Content

Words substitution:

Example: all of sudden – substitute to "suddenly"

Sequence Connectors: Firstly, next, after that ....

Pedagogical Strategies

CX and MI

Resource Materials

Soalan Gerak Gempur 2009

Reflections

Objectives achieved!


 

Day

Wednesday

Date

10 February 2010

Form

3D (37 students)

3G (41 students)

Time

03:35-04:00 (1 period)

04:35-05:10 (1 period)

Subject

English (Literature Component)

Topic

Novel- Robinson Crusoe (Revision Literature Form 2)

Language aspect

Simile

Skills

  1. Listen to, read, view and respond to literary works by:

    a). Understanding and telling in one's own words the story and giving one' opinion

b). Recognizing elements in the story such as characters and setting and discussing how it relates to one's life.

c). Understanding other people's culture, traditions, customs and beliefs.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Finding out the meaning of un familiar words using contextual clues or dictionary
  2. Retelling the story in one own words
  3. Describing the place where the story took place and writing a simple paragraph on it
  4. Describing characters in the story and writing simple paragraph on each character

Activities

  1. Identify at least 8 out of 12 main ideas from the summary chapter three and four in 20 minutes time
  2. Rearrange the following events in correct sequence in about 8 out of 10 events

CCTS

Identify main ideas and supporting details

Moral Values

Kindness, Concerned, Human decency, sympathy, pity, justice and civic minded

Teaching Materials

Text book and reference books (Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Dafoe)

Reflections

Not Achieved! Some students confuse with the answer.


 

Hari

Rabu

Tarikh

10 Februari 2010

Mata Pelajaran

Geografi

Tingkatan

3L (28 pelajar)

Masa

02:00-03:10 ( 1 masa)

Tajuk

Skala

Konsep

Jarak Keluasan

Hasil Pembelajaran

Menggunakan skala untuk menentukan jarak dan keluasan di atas peta lakar yang berasaskan peta topografi

Objektif Tingkahlaku

Pada akhir pengajaran murid-murid dapat:

Aras 1:

Menyatakan jenis-jenis skala

  • Skala lurus
  • Skala penyata
  • Pecahan wakilan

Mengukur jarak dengan menggunakan skala

Mengira keluasan kawasan sekata berpandukan skala peta.

Aras 2:

Menukarkan dan menghububgkaitkan setiap skala:

  • Skala lurus
  • Skala penyata
  • Pecahan wakilan

Mengira anggaran keluasan tidak sekata berpandukan skala peta

Aktiviti Pembelajaran

  1. Menerangkan cara-cara menukar setiap skala
  2. Menunjukcara menukar jarak antara 2 tempat mengikut skala peta
  3. Menunjukkan cara mengira keluasan skala peta

Unsur Patriotisme

Mencintai Negara Malaysia (Menghargai Ciri-ciri Fizikal di Kawasan Sekitar)

Nilai Murni

Berdikari dan Berdisiplin

Pendekatan

KBKK (Aplikasi)

BBM

Pembaris, Jangka Tolok, Benang, Pita Ukur

Refleksi

Murid-murid tiada masalah kerana pernah belajar tajuk tersebut di Tingkatan 2.


 

Day

Wednesday

Date

10 February 2010

Subject

English Literature

Form

3D (37 students)

3K (38 students)

Time

02:00-02:35 (1 period)

03:10-03:45 (1 period)

Topic

Novel- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Characteristic)

Theme

Chapter Seven:

Chapter Eight:

Language Outcomes

Language For Aesthetics Use

  • Talk about elements of a novel (summary, characteristic, theme, moral values, plot, and setting of the novel)

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Understanding and telling in one's own words the story band giving one's opinion
  2. Recognizing elements in a story (characteristic)

Post Activity

Describing characteristic in the story and writing a simple paragraph of each other.

Moral Values

Responsibility/Caring

Language Content

Grammar – Simple Past Tense

Resource Materials

Novel- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Pedagogical Strategies

MI

CCTS

CX

Reflections

Need extra work!


 

Day

Thursday

Date

11 February 2009

Form

3D (37 students)

3G (41 students)

Time

12:50-02:00 (2 periods)

04:00 -05:10 (2 periods)

Subject

English Language

Topic

Recount

Theme

Describe: "How you spent your holiday on the island"

Language

Language For Interpersonal Use:

  • Listen to dialogue: Give important details
  • Ask for and listen politely to questions

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Write a story based on the pictures in the correct sequence according to ideas or points given

Lesson Development

  1. Study the pictures (plan your lesson)

Introduction:

  • Kota Indah – jetty – ferry – Pulau Kenchana

Body:

  • (Day 1 – 02:00 noon) – unpacked – rested –mum – cooked – fried noodles
  • 03:00 p.m – horse riding –took pictures –digital camera
  • 05:00 p.m – brother – swam – blue sea – collected seashells
  • 08:00 p.m – barbecue – chicken chops – salad – walk – beach
  • (Day 2 – 08:00 a.m ) visited – Pulau Kenchana – Lighthouse –souvenirs

Conclusion:

01:00 p.m – lunch – ferry – home - happy

Post Activity

Write A story/recount based on the notes and pictures given on:

"Describe How you spent your holiday on the island 'not less than 120 words".

Moral Values

Appreciate

Language Content

Grammar:

  1. Sequence Connectors – 'Beside', 'Consequently', 'Furthermore...
  2. Direct speech
  3. Past Tense – is usually used in telling a story

Pedagogical Strategies

CCTS

Resource Materials

PMR Essay Writing

Reflections

Objectives not achieved! Need extra work.


 

Hari

Jumaat

Tarikh

12 Februari 2010

Mata Pelajaran

Geografi

Tingkatan

3C (37 pelajar)

Masa

05:10-06:20 ( 2 masa)

Tajuk

Skala

Konsep

Jarak Keluasan

Hasil Pembelajaran

Menggunakan skala untuk menentukan jarak dan keluasan di atas peta lakar yang berasaskan peta topografi

Objektif Tingkahlaku

Pada akhir pengajaran murid-murid dapat:

Aras 1:

Menyatakan jenis-jenis skala

  • Skala lurus
  • Skala penyata
  • Pecahan wakilan

Mengukur jarak dengan menggunakan skala

Mengira keluasan kawasan sekata berpandukan skala peta.

Aras 2:

Menukarkan dan menghububgkaitkan setiap skala:

  • Skala lurus
  • Skala penyata
  • Pecahan wakilan

Mengira anggaran keluasan tidak sekata berpandukan skala peta

Aktiviti Pembelajaran

  1. Menerangkan cara-cara menukar setiap skala
  2. Menunjukcara menukar jarak antara 2 tempat mengikut skala peta
  3. Menunjukkan cara mengira keluasan skala peta

Unsur Patriotisme

Mencintai Negara Malaysia (Menghargai Ciri-ciri Fizikal di Kawasan Sekitar)

Nilai Murni

Berdikari dan Berdisiplin

Pendekatan

KBKK (Aplikasi)

BBM

Pembaris, Jangka Tolok, Benang, Pita Ukur

Refleksi

Murid-murid tiada masalah kerana pernah belajar tajuk tersebut di Tingkatan 2.


 

Day

Friday

Date

11 February 2009

Subject

English Literature

Form

3G (42 students)

Time

03:10-03:45 (1 period)

Topic

Novel- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Characteristic)

Theme

Chapter Six:

Chapter Seven:

Language Outcomes

Language For Aesthetics Use

  • Talk about elements of a novel (summary, characteristic, theme, moral values, plot, and setting of the novel)

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Understanding and telling in one's own words the story band giving one's opinion
  2. Recognizing elements in a story (characteristic)

Post Activity

Describing characteristic in the story and writing a simple paragraph of each other.

Moral Values

Responsibility/Caring

Language Content

Grammar – Simple Past Tense

Resource Materials

Novel- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Pedagogical Strategies

MI

CCTS

CX

Reflections

Need extra work!


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 

Lesson plan week 5 (01 February 2010 – 06 February 2010)


 

Day

Monday

Date

01 February 2010

Class/Form

3G (41 students)

3D (37 students)

Time

12:00 – 02:00 (2 periods)

04:35- 05:10 (1 period)

Topic

Summary Writing

Theme

The Importance of Knowing about a child's Intelligence

Language Outcomes

Language For Interpersonal Use

-Listen to dialogue: give important details

-Ask for and listen politely to questions

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Test their ability in extracting points from the passage
  2. Summarize the passage into one paragraph
  3. Make a summary not more than 60 words (use own words without changing the original meaning)

Lesson Development

  1. Ask the students read true the whole text
  2. Ask students list out words they could not understand
  3. Make the lines where you pick points to write your summary
  4. Pick out main ideas
  5. Search for secondary ideas
  6. Important to separate the relevant e irrelevant details
  7. Substitute long expressions with single words

Post Activity

Write a summary "The Importance of Knowing Child's Intelligence" in about 60 words.

Moral Values

Loving, Caring

Language Content

Words substitution:

Example: all of sudden – substitute to "suddenly"

Sequence Connectors: Firstly, next, after that ....

Pedagogical Strategies

CX and MI

Resource Materials

Soalan Ramalan (PMR)

Reflections

Objectives achieved!


 


 


 


 


 


 


 

Hari

Selasa

Tarikh

02 Februari 2010

Tingkatan

3C

Masa

04:00-05:10 (2 masa)

Tajuk

Arah

Konsep

Bearing Arah

Hasil Pembelajaran

Menentukan bearing dengan menggunakan jangka susut di atas peta lakar berdasarkan peta topografi

Objektif Tingkahlaku

Pada akhir pengajaran murid-murid dapat:

Aras 1:

Mengukur bearing sesuatu tempat dengan menggunakan jangka sudut di atas peta lakar berasaskan peta topografi

Unsur Patriotisme

-

Aktiviti Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran

  1. Menunjuk cara mengukur bearing dengan menggunakan jangka sudut
  2. Perbincangan kumpulan cara-cara menggunakan jangka sudut untuk mengukur bearing
  3. Mengukur bearing antara dua tempat dengan menggunakan jangka sudut

Pendekatan

Pembelajaran Masteri

BBM

Peta Topo

Alat-alat Geometri

Refleksi

Objektif belum tercapai sepenuhnya memandangkan masa tidak mencukupi untuk guru menunjuk cara secara individu kepada pelajar.


 

Day

Tuesday

Date

02 February 2009

Time

02:00-03:10 (2 periods)

Class

3G (41 students)

Subject

Literature – Novel (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde) by Robert Louis Stevenson

Topic

Chapter Five:

Chapter Six:

Language Outcomes

Language For Aesthetic Use

-Talk about elements of novel

(Characteristic, theme, moral values, plot and setting)

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Listen to read, review and respond to literary work
  2. Understanding and telling in one's own words the story and giving one's opinion
  3. Recognizing elements in a story (Characters and setting)

Lesson Development

  1. Retelling the sequence of events in a story
  2. Retelling the story or content of the novel in one's own life's (words)
  3. Describing the place where the story took place and write a simple paragraph.

Post Activity

Describing setting in the story and write a simple paragraph of each other in not less than 50 words.

Pedagogical Strategies

CCTS, CX, MI, PS

Moral Values

Responsibility/ Caring

Language Content

Grammar:

Simple Past Tense

Adjectives to show qualities

Sound system: Past Tense – (ped/pt)

Resource Material

Novel – Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Reflections

Objectives not achieved. Students need extra exercises.


 

Hari

Rabu

Tarikh

03 Februari 2010

Tingkatan

3L (28 students)

Masa

02:00-03:10 (2 periods)

Tajuk

Arah

Konsep

Bearing Arah

Hasil Pembelajaran

Menentukan bearing dengan menggunakan jangka susut di atas peta lakar berdasarkan peta topografi

Objektif Tingkahlaku

Pada akhir pengajaran murid-murid dapat:

Aras 1:

Mengukur bearing sesuatu tempat dengan menggunakan jangka sudut di atas peta lakar berasaskan peta topografi

Unsur Patriotisme

-

Aktiviti Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran

  1. Menunjuk cara mengukur bearing dengan menggunakan jangka sudut
  2. Perbincangan kumpulan cara-cara menggunakan jangka sudut untuk mengukur bearing
  3. Mengukur bearing antara dua tempat dengan menggunakan jangka sudut

Pendekatan

Pembelajaran Masteri

BBM

Peta Topo

Alat-alat Geometri

Refleksi

Objektif belum tercapai sepenuhnya memandangkan masa tidak mencukupi untuk guru menunjuk cara secara individu kepada pelajar.


 

Day

Wednesday

Date

03 February 2010

Form

3D (37 students)

3G (41 students)

Time


 

03:35-04:00 (1 period)

04:35-05:10 (1 period)

Subject

English Language

Topic

Recount

Theme

Describe How you spent your holiday on the island

Language

Language For Interpersonal Use:

  • Listen to dialogue: Give important details
  • Ask for and listen politely to questions

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Write a story based on the pictures in the correct sequence according to ideas or points given

Lesson Development

  1. Study the pictures (plan your lesson)

Introduction:

  • Kota Indah – jetty – ferry – Pulau Kenchana

Body:

  • (Day 1 – 02:00 noon) – unpacked – rested –mum – cooked – fried noodles
  • 03:00 p.m – horse riding –took pictures –digital camera
  • 05:00 p.m – brother – swam – blue sea – collected seashells
  • 08:00 p.m – barbecue – chicken chops – salad – walk – beach
  • (Day 2 – 08:00 a.m ) visited – Pulau Kenchana – Lighthouse –souvenirs

Conclusion:

01:00 p.m – lunch – ferry – home - happy

Post Activity

Write A story/recount based on the notes and pictures given on:

"Describe How you spent your holiday on the island not less than 120 words".

Moral Values

Appreciate

Language Content

Grammar:

  1. Sequence Connectors – 'Beside', 'Consequently', 'Furthermore...
  2. Direct speech
  3. Past Tense – is usually used in telling a story

Pedagogical Strategies

CCTS

Resource Materials

PMR Essay Writing


 

Day

Thursday

Date

04 February 2010

Time

12:50-02:00 (2 periods)

04:00-05:10 (2 periods)

Class

3D (37 students)

3G (41 students)

Subject

Literature – Novel (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde) by Robert Louis Stevenson

Topic

Chapter Five:

Chapter Six:

Language Outcomes

Language For Aesthetic Use

-Talk about elements of novel

(Characteristic, theme, moral values, plot and setting)

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Listen to read, review and respond to literary work
  2. Understanding and telling in one's own words the story and giving one's opinion
  3. Recognizing elements in a story (Characters and setting)

Lesson Development

  1. Retelling the sequence of events in a story
  2. Retelling the story or content of the novel in one's own life's (words)
  3. Describing the place where the story took place and write a simple paragraph.

Post Activity

Describing setting in the story and write a simple paragraph of each other in not less than 50 words.

Pedagogical Strategies

CCTS, CX, MI, PS

Moral Values

Responsibility/ Caring

Language Content

Grammar:

Simple Past Tense

Adjectives to show qualities

Sound system: Past Tense – (ped/pt)

Resource Material

Novel – Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Reflections

Objectives not achieved. Students need extra exercises.


 

Hari

Jumaat

Tarikh

05 Februari 2010

Tingkatan

3L (28 students)

3C (37 students)

Masa

02:00 – 03:10 (2 period)

05:10- 06:20 (2 periods)

Tajuk

Arah

Konsep

Bearing Arah

Hasil Pembelajaran

Menentukan bearing dengan menggunakan jangka susut di atas peta lakar berdasarkan peta topografi

Objektif Tingkahlaku

Pada akhir pengajaran murid-murid dapat:

Aras 1:

Mengukur bearing sesuatu tempat dengan menggunakan jangka sudut di atas peta lakar berasaskan peta topografi

Unsur Patriotisme

-

Aktiviti Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran

  1. Menunjuk cara mengukur bearing dengan menggunakan jangka sudut
  2. Perbincangan kumpulan cara-cara menggunakan jangka sudut untuk mengukur bearing
  3. Mengukur bearing antara dua tempat dengan menggunakan jangka sudut.
  4. Ada 2 jenis bearing:
    1. Bearing sudutan @ azimuth
    2. Bearing sukuan

Pendekatan

Pembelajaran Masteri

BBM

Peta Topo

Alat-alat Geometri

Refleksi

Objektif tercapai sepenuhnya. Pelajar-pelajar mampu mengukur kedua-dua jenis bering terebut.


 

Day

Friday

Date

05February 2009

Class/Form

3G (41 students)

Time

03:10-03:45 (1 period)

Topic

Summary Writing

Theme

The ways of viewing television

Language Outcomes

Language For Interpersonal Use

-Listen to dialogue: give important details

-Ask for and listen politely to questions

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Test their ability in extracting points from the passage
  2. Summarize the passage into one paragraph
  3. Make a summary not more than 60 words (use own words without changing the original meaning)

Lesson Development

  1. Ask the students read true the whole text
  2. Ask students list out words they could not understand
  3. Make the lines where you pick points to write your summary
  4. Pick out main ideas
  5. Search for secondary ideas
  6. Important to separate the relevant e irrelevant details
  7. Substitute long expressions with single words

Post Activity

Write a summary in about 60 words.

Moral Values

Loving, Caring

Language Content

Words substitution:

Example: all of sudden – substitute to "suddenly"

Sequence Connectors: Firstly, next, after that ....

Pedagogical Strategies

CX and MI

Resource Materials

Soalan Ramalan (PMR)

Reflections

Objectives achieved!


 

Day

Saturday

Date

06 February 2010

Time

03:10-03:45 ( 1 period)

Class

3G (41 students)

Subject

Literature – Novel (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde) by Robert Louis Stevenson

Topic

Chapter Five: Dr Jekyll

Chapter Six: Murder of Sir Danver Carew

Language Outcomes

Language For Aesthetic Use

-Talk about elements of novel

(Characteristic, theme, moral values, plot and setting)

Objectives of the lesson

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Listen to read, review and respond to literary work
  2. Understanding and telling in one's own words the story and giving one's opinion
  3. Recognizing elements in a story (Characters and setting)

Lesson Development

  1. Retelling the sequence of events in a story
  2. Retelling the story or content of the novel in one's own life's (words)
  3. Describing the place where the story took place and write a simple paragraph.

Post Activity

Describing setting in the story and write a simple paragraph of each other in not less than 50 words.

Pedagogical Strategies

CCTS, CX, MI, PS

Moral Values

Responsibility/ Caring

Language Content

Grammar:

Simple Past Tense

Adjectives to show qualities

Sound system: Past Tense – (ped/pt)

Resource Material

Novel – Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Reflections

Objectives not achieved. Students need extra exercises.


 

Hari

Sabtu

Tarikh

06 Februari 2010

Tingkatan

3L (28 students)

3C (37 students)

Masa

02:00 – 03:10 (2 period)

05:10- 06:20 (2 periods)

Tajuk

Arah

Konsep

Bearing Arah

Hasil Pembelajaran

Menentukan bearing dengan menggunakan jangka susut di atas peta lakar berdasarkan peta topografi

Objektif Tingkahlaku

Pada akhir pengajaran murid-murid dapat:

Aras 1:

Mengukur bearing sesuatu tempat dengan menggunakan jangka sudut di atas peta lakar berasaskan peta topografi

Unsur Patriotisme

-

Aktiviti Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran

  1. Menunjuk cara mengukur bearing dengan menggunakan jangka sudut
  2. Perbincangan kumpulan cara-cara menggunakan jangka sudut untuk mengukur bearing
  3. Mengukur bearing antara dua tempat dengan menggunakan jangka sudut.
  4. Ada 2 jenis bearing:
    1. Bearing sudutan @ azimuth
    2. Bearing sukuan

Pendekatan

Pembelajaran Masteri

BBM

Peta Topo

Alat-alat Geometri

Refleksi

Objektif tercapai sepenuhnya. Pelajar-pelajar mampu mengukur kedua-dua jenis bering terebut. Pelajar membuat latihan pengukuhan.